However, blockchain is not free from problems. Initially, the blockchain block size was not as big, as only a small number of peers are connected to the network. For example, the bitcoin blockchain size was 614 MB in size in 2012. But now, the bitcoin blockchain size GB has grown tremendously to 250K MB. That’s approximately 250 GB of data that each peer/node carries with them. This leads us to a bitcoin blockchain size problem.
Other blockchain networks also suffer from the same problem. The blockchain size of Ethereum has already crossed 1 TB.
So far, Ethereum is exploring two possible fixes for the problem. The first, "sharding," would require a small percentage of nodes to see and process every transaction, allowing many more transactions to be processed in parallel at the same time.
The second solution involves creating data-link layers or "layer 2" protocols that send most transactions off-chain and only interact with the underlying blockchain in order to enter and exit from the layer-2 system, as well as in the case of attacks on the system. Layer 2 protocols transfer data between nodes within a LAN or an adjacent WAN.
These are the two solutions presently being worked on to salvage Ether Blocks expanding challenges according to Vitalik Buterin (Ethereum CEO).